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      <title>Hibernate3 - 交互式测验</title>
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    <body>
      <div class="main-wrapper">
          <div class="quiz-container">
            <div class="quiz-header">
              <h1>Hibernate3 - 交互式测验</h1>
              <p>检验你对文档内容的理解程度</p>
            </div>
            <div id="quiz-content">
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      <script>
        const quizData = [
  {
    "question": "根据文档，ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) 框架（如Hibernate）旨在解决的核心问题是什么？",
    "options": [
      "直接在Java代码中优化和编写高性能的原生SQL查询。",
      "自动化地在面向对象（Java对象）和关系型数据库（二维表）之间进行转换和映射。",
      "为数据库提供图形化管理界面，简化数据库的日常维护。",
      "替代JDBC，提供一种全新的数据库连接协议。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档的核心思想是，开发语言（如Java）是面向对象的，而数据库是面向关系的。ORM框架的核心价值就在于充当这两者之间的桥梁，通过映射元数据（注解或XML），将Java对象的操作自动转换为对数据库表的操作，从而让开发者能以面向对象的方式与数据库交互，解决了手工转换的繁琐和不匹配问题。",
    "source": "文档中「数据访问层存在的问题」和「什么是ORM/ORMapping」部分",
    "hint": "思考一下为什么在有了JDBC之后，我们还需要Hibernate这样的框架？它主要解决了哪两种不同编程范式之间的“鸿沟”？"
  },
  {
    "question": "在Hibernate中，一个刚刚通过 `new` 关键字创建，但尚未与任何Session关联，且数据库中也没有对应记录的Java对象，处于哪种状态？",
    "options": [
      "持久状态 (persistent)",
      "托管状态 (detached)",
      "瞬时状态 (transient)",
      "只读状态 (read-only)"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "根据文档定义，瞬时状态（transient）的对象有两大特征：1. 它没有被任何Session实例所缓存或管理。2. 数据库中不存在与之对应的记录。这正是通过 `new` 关键字刚刚创建的普通Java对象的状态。",
    "source": "文档中「对象的三种状态（面试题）」部分",
    "hint": "文档中明确定义了对象的三种状态，其中一种状态的特点是“session没有缓存对象，数据库也没有对应记录”。"
  },
  {
    "question": "关于 `session.get()` 和 `session.load()` 方法的主要区别，以下描述哪项是正确的？",
    "options": [
      "当查询的ID在数据库中不存在时，get() 返回null，而load() 会抛出异常。",
      "load() 方法不支持延迟加载，总会立即查询数据库；而get() 支持延迟加载。",
      "get() 方法会优先从二级缓存中查找数据，而load() 方法会绕过所有缓存。",
      "两者在功能上完全相同，只是方法名不同以适应不同的编码风格。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 0,
    "explanation": "文档中明确总结了 get() 和 load() 的两大区别。其中最关键的一点是处理数据不存在时的行为：get() 方法会立即访问数据库，如果找不到对应记录，则返回 null。而 load() 方法默认返回一个代理对象，只有当真正访问该对象的非ID属性时才会去查询数据库，如果此时数据库中没有记录，则会抛出 ObjectNotFoundException。",
    "source": "文档中「类级别检索」部分的「总结：load和get的区别」",
    "hint": "回顾文档中关于“抓取策略”的部分，特别是当查询一个不存在的数据时，这两种方法的反应有何不同？"
  },
  {
    "question": "Hibernate的一级缓存和二级缓存的作用范围（Scope）有何不同？",
    "options": [
      "一级缓存是事务（Transaction）级别的，二级缓存是会话（Session）级别的。",
      "一级缓存是会话工厂（SessionFactory）级别的，二级缓存是会话（Session）级别的。",
      "一级缓存是会话（Session）级别的，二级缓存是会话工厂（SessionFactory）级别的。",
      "两者都是会话工厂（SessionFactory）级别的，但二级缓存可以跨应用程序共享。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "文档明确指出，一级缓存是Session级别的缓存，其生命周期与Session绑定，当Session关闭时，一级缓存即被销毁。而二级缓存是SessionFactory级别的，被同一个SessionFactory创建的所有Session所共享，因此它的生命周期更长，可以实现跨Session的数据共享，从而提高应用整体性能。",
    "source": "文档中「一级缓存」和「什么是二级缓存」部分",
    "hint": "想一想，当一个Session关闭后，它里面的缓存数据会怎样？如果开启了二级缓存，在新的Session中查询相同的数据会发生什么？"
  },
  {
    "question": "根据文档，当在关联级别检索（如一对多）的映射文件中配置 `fetch=\"join\"` 时，会产生什么效果？",
    "options": [
      "Hibernate会为父对象和每个关联的子对象都生成一条独立的SELECT查询。",
      "它会忽略 `lazy` 属性的设置，总是通过一条迫切左外连接（LEFT OUTER JOIN）SQL语句一次性加载主对象和其关联集合。",
      "它会先查询主对象，然后使用子查询（subselect）来加载所有关联的子对象集合。",
      "只有当 `lazy=\"false\"` 时，`fetch=\"join\"` 才会生效，否则行为与 `fetch=\"select\"` 相同。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档在“fetch=\\\"join\\\"”部分明确指出，设置了join之后，lazy的设置就无效了。这意味着Hibernate会采用性能较高的迫切左外连接（LEFT OUTER JOIN）策略，在一条SQL查询中同时获取主对象及其关联的集合数据，从而避免了N+1查询问题。",
    "source": "文档中「关联级别检索」下的「fetch=\"join\"」部分",
    "hint": "当 `fetch` 策略被设置为 `join` 时，文档提到 `lazy` 属性会发生什么变化？"
  },
  {
    "question": "HQL（Hibernate Query Language）与标准SQL最本质的区别在于什么？",
    "options": [
      "HQL的语法比SQL更简单，关键字更少。",
      "HQL是面向对象的查询，查询的是实体类（Entity）和其属性，而不是数据库的表和列。",
      "HQL不支持连接查询（JOIN）和聚合函数（如COUNT, SUM）。",
      "HQL查询会直接绕过Hibernate的一级和二级缓存，性能更高。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档在“HQL”章节开篇就定义了：HQL是描述对象操作的一种查询语言。与SQL不同的是，HQL是面向对象的查询，查询的是对象和对象中的属性。这意味着开发者可以用类名代替表名，用类的属性名代替表的字段名来进行查询，这正是HQL与SQL的根本区别。",
    "source": "文档中「HQL」部分",
    "hint": "思考一下HQL查询语句中的 `FROM Person`，这里的 `Person` 是指数据库表还是Java类？"
  }
];
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            const totalQuestions = quizData.length;
            const answeredCount = userAnswers.filter(a => a !== null).length;
            const wrongCount = answeredCount - correctCount;
            const skippedCount = totalQuestions - answeredCount;
            const accuracy = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((correctCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;
            const errorRate = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((wrongCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;

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                '<h2>答题报告</h2>' +
                '<div class="score-summary">' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>得分</h3>' +
                '<p>' + correctCount + ' / ' + totalQuestions + '</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>正确率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + accuracy + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>错误率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + errorRate + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card score-details">' +
                '<table>' +
                '<tr><td>正确</td><td>' + correctCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>错误</td><td>' + wrongCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>未答</td><td>' + skippedCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '</table>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="report-actions">' +
                '<button id="review-btn">回顾测验</button>' +
                '<button class="primary" onclick="location.reload()">再试一次</button>' +
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            }

            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'block';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'flex';
            
            currentQuestionIndex = 0;
            loadQuestion();
            updateNavigationButtons(); // Ensure nav buttons are correctly displayed
        }

        // Event Delegation for options
        optionsListEl.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
            if (event.target && event.target.matches('li.option-item')) {
                // Check if the question has already been answered
                if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === null) {
                    const selectedIndex = parseInt(event.target.dataset.index, 10);
                    selectOption(selectedIndex);
                }
            }
        });

        prevBtn.addEventListener('click', goToPreviousQuestion);
        nextBtn.addEventListener('click', goToNextQuestion);
        hintBtn.addEventListener('click', showHint);
        
        // 初始加载
        loadQuestion();
      </script>
    </body>
    </html>
  